| Compromise and dialogue with the entrenched regimes, followed by elections in and Egypt have produced either limited change or counter-revolution | In Algeria under pressure of weeks of protests, the head of the army forced the ailing twenty-year-serving president, , to abdicate |
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| As these regions dive ever deeper into political conflict time will show if new ideas can be established or if old institutions will still stand strong | from the original on 18 February 2011 |
Head of the National Security Apparatus removed from post• A conceptual framework for understanding the social median the Arab Spring", Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations, 23:4 4 : 454—470, :,• What we are seeing today since 2011, argues Hellyer, is a clash between those "inherited structures" and the new "demographic realities" of the populations of the region.
| Countries like Saudi Arabia, on the other hand, exhibited a strong mobilization of military force against protesters, effectively ending the revolts in their territories; others, including Libya and Syria, failed to stop the protests entirely and instead ended up in civil war | Partisans of political Islam although this does not include some prominent leaders such as but is particularly true in Egypt see themselves as victims of an injustice whose perpetrators are not just "individual conspirators but entire social groups" |
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| Some protesters looked to the as an ideal contested but peaceful elections, fast-growing but liberal economy, secular constitution but government | erupted in Egypt on 22 November 2012 |
| "This role varies between those who advocate these demands and those who reject them, according to the social nature of each of these forces | Institute of Developing Economics, Japan |
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| Hardy, Roger 2 February 2011 | For those on the streets of Egypt the predominant slogan was "bread, freedom and social justice" |
Occupation of several areas of Yemeni territory by and rebels• One important demonstration was an attempted workers' strike on 6 April 2008 at the state-run textile factories of , just outside.
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