| Thus, the shift in the evening bedtime across cohorts accounted for the substantial decrease in sleep duration in younger children between the 1970s and the 1990s | They excite the REM-off monoaminergic neurons during wakefulness and the PT cholinergic neurons during REM sleep |
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| Orexin neurons are located in the lateral hypothalamus | Mayer G, Ewert Meier K, Hephata K; Ewert Meier; Hephata 1995 |
Hence, one hypothesis is that because of the small number of these neurons in narcolepsy there is less excitation of the monoaminergic neurons during wakefulness and consequently a tendency for the cholinergic neurons to escape from the monoaminergic inhibition resulting in sudden attacks of atonia and REM periods.
13| American Academy of Sleep Medicine | "The origin of REM sleep: A hypothesis" |
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| Orexin neurons are significantly decreased in number in narcoleptic patients | Miyagawa T, Miyadera H, Tanaka S, Kawashima M, Shimada M, Honda Y, Tokunaga K, Honda M; Miyadera; Tanaka; Kawashima; Shimada; Honda; Tokunaga; Honda 2011 |
United States Food and Drug Administration.
| "Sleep disturbances and hypocretin deficiency in Niemann-Pick disease type C" | They are organized in a widely projecting manner, much like the monoamines, and innervate all of the components of the ARAS |
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| "Narcolepsy and automatic behavior: A case report" | "Sleep duration from infancy to adolescence: reference values and generational trends" |
"Use of subcutaneous flumazenil preparations for the treatment of idiopathic hypersomnia: A case report".