| Moreover, many of them provide evidence of embellishment and invention that were introduced to serve the purposes of political or religious apologetic | These sources contain internal complexities, anachronisms, discrepancies, and contradictions |
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| Mu The figure of Muhammad, a humble man from the Mecca who initiated a religion accessible to all, is still the subject of ongoing controversies in the Western world | 137 Netanel's work was virtually unknown beyond his native Yemen until modern times, so had little influence on later Jewish thought• The Bustan al-Ukul, by Nathanael ibn al-Fayyumi, edited and translated by David Levine, Columbia University Oriental Studies Vol |
Lapidus 2002 , pp 0.
| 5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account | Ideally, one would like to be able to check such accounts against contemporary evidence |
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| Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G | however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632 |
This book, which includes a prologue written after the September 11th attacks, is a defense against the prejudice directed toward a religion that is practiced by many believers worldwide.
30| 597, which notes that many of the details surrounding Muhammad's life as given in the biographies, are "problematic in certain respects, the most important of which is that they represent a tradition of living narrative that is likely to have developed orally for a considerable period before it was given even a relatively fixed written form | |
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| Denis Gril, Miracles, , Brill, 2007 | Peter Teed 1992 , p |
Karen Armstrong narrates the beginnings of Islam a word which means submission and peace , and of the theological and political disputes that soon affected the lives of families living in the Mecca or Medina.
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