| See, for example, Bowersock, Glen Warren, Peter Robert Lamont Brown and Oleg Grabar Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World 1999, Harvard University Press p | Google uses and data to:• Deliver and maintain services, like tracking outages and protecting against spam, fraud, and abuse• Ideally, one would like to be able to check such accounts against contemporary evidence |
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| however, there is no relevant archaeological, epigraphic, or numismatic evidence dating from the time of Muhammad, nor are there any references to him in non-Muslim sources dating from the period before 632 | Moreover, many of them provide evidence of embellishment and invention that were introduced to serve the purposes of political or religious apologetic |
| Lapidus 2002 , pp 0 | |
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| Personalized content and ads can be based on those things and your activity like Google searches and videos you watch on YouTube |
Seeing Islam as others saw it: a survey and evaluation of Christian, Jewish, Robert G.
12| 5, "One major challenge to examining initial contacts between Byzantium and the early Muslim umma arises from the controversy surrounding the traditional Islamic account | sources are not contemporaneous with the events they purport to relate and sometimes were written many centuries later |
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| Improve the quality of our services and develop new ones• El-Cheikh, Nadia Maria Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs 2004, Harvard University Press p | Personalized content and ads include things like more relevant results and recommendations, a customized YouTube homepage, and ads that are tailored to your interests |