| The Chronicles and Annalistic Sources of the Early Mamluk Circassian Period | 's 1987 estimate for "all Gypsies in the world" was 6 to 11 million |
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| Despite a 1,000-year separation from India, Roma still practice 'shaktism', the worship of a god through his female consort | Today, estimates put the number of Roma in the U |
The Special Secretariat for the Promotion of Racial Equality estimates the number of "ciganos" Romanis in Brazil at 800,000 2011.
| Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition | Webley, Kayla October 13, 2010 |
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| A Military History of Modern Egypt: From the Ottoman Conquest to the Ramadan War |
| According to , estimates of the total world Romani population range from two million to five million | |
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| The 2010 Brazilian National Census encountered gypsy camps in 291 of Brazil's 5,565 municipalities | The Spanish government estimates the number of Gitanos at a maximum of 650,000 |
By the late fourteenth century Circassians from the north Caucasus region had become the majority in the Mamluk ranks.
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