| Madelung, Wilferd, The Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge University Press, 1997 | |
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| Madelung, Wilferd, The Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge University Press, 1997 | The first window from the right gives a view of Umar's grave |
Donner, Fred, The Early Islamic Conquests, Princeton University Press, 1981.
17| The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History | The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History |
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| Bonner "Umar" in Encyclopedia of Islam CD-ROM Edition v | , The Life of Muhammad, Oxford University Press, 1955 |
| The first window from the right gives a view of Umar's grave | |
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