Swear נשים. 2 Samuel 1:26 Hebrew Text Analysis

Tyson, The New Testament and Early Christianity 1984 , page 199: "They each highlight a certain portion or aspect of Jesus' history, such as his family, his childhood, his resurrection, or his teachings The Mishnah, however, argues that the clothing on the woman's upper body was also stripped away, leaving her bare-breasted
The two Suras, 113 and 114, were then revealed to him, and Gabriel acquainted him with the use he was to make of them, and of the place, where the cord was hidden At Envy the atmosphere is vibrant, lively, and one you will be sure never to forget

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Ordeals involving the risk of harm, including potential injury resulting from the drinking of certain potions, were common in antiquity; in parts of Europe, their judicial use even lasted until the late Middle Ages.

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2 Samuel 1:26 Hebrew Text Analysis
For more on this account, see Miryam Brand, TheTorah 2016 ; Nadav Sharon, TheTorah 2018
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Others maintain that since the word "thigh" is often used in the Bible as a for various reproductive organs, in this case it may mean the uterus, the placenta or an embryo, and the woman would survive
Accusing Women of Witchcraft
An Ancient Near Eastern Notion? See discussion in, Deirdre Fulton and Paula Wapnish Hesse, TheTorah 2021 Most traditional commentators similarly argue that whereas the prohibition applies to both men and women, the word is in the feminine to emphasize that women tend to practice witchcraft
The use of dust might be connected to But even if it had not been abolished, the rite would have sunk into abeyance with the fall of the Temple in approximately the year 70 CE , because, according to the Law, the ceremony could not be performed elsewhere

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The text specifies that the potion should be made from water and dust; in the , the water used for the potion must be holy water, and the interprets it as water from the , but the instead requires running water.

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Repeated attempts would be made to persuade the woman to confess, including multiple suggestions to her of possible mitigating factors; if she confessed, the ordeal was not required
Accusing Women of Witchcraft
מרבה נכסים מרבה דאגה מרבה נשים מרבה כשפים מרבה שפחות מרבה זמה …The more possessions the more care; the more women the more witchcraft; the more bondswomen the more lewdness… Nevertheless, given that the next law, which is about unprovable adultary, is also solved by a river ordeal a good parallel to the biblical sotah ritual , it seems rather speculative to suggest §13 is about witchcraft just because of the river ordeal
According to the Mishna SoTah 9 this ordeal of the woman suspected of adultery was abolished by Johanan ben Zaccai after 70 AD , on the ground that the men of his generation were not above the suspicion of impurity Your love to me was more wonderful Than the love of women

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Explanations in rabbinical literature vary concerning cessation of the practice.

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Mishnah Sanhedrin 6:4 states that Shimon ben Shetach executed 80 women for witchcraft in Ashkelon in one day
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Additionally, some early Christian legends, such as the , embroider the life of with accounts including Mary and even Joseph undergoing a version of the ordeal
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According to Daniel Schwemer of the University of Würzberg, in contrast to Mesopotamian laws, Mesopotiamian ritual texts, such as the long series of Maqlû incantations, written to protect people from witchcraft, commonly assume the perpetrator is female